Background to Escalation and Regional Warnings
The conflict began almost five months ago, and recent attacks have deepened concern that hostilities could spiral beyond current battlegrounds. Gulf leaders remain on high alert amid fears of broader escalation and potential damage to civilian infrastructure across the region.
US President Donald Trump has threatened to strike Iranian power plants and bridges next week if Tehran does not return to talks. Iran has warned that it would respond by targeting civilian infrastructure in neighbouring Gulf countries. Under international law, deliberate attacks on civilian infrastructure are illegal and, in many cases, constitute war crimes.
Iranian officials have also pointed to earlier traumatic incidents. Resul Serdar, reporting from Tehran for Al Jazeera, said an attack near the Ahvaz hospital revived memories of the bombing of the Minab primary school in southern Iran on the first day of the war, which he said killed at least 168 children.
Ahvaz, the capital of Khuzestan province near Iraq and the northern Gulf, is a strategic hub for Iran’s oil, petrochemical and industrial infrastructure. The province’s proximity to key energy corridors and its history of periodic unrest, including tensions involving Khuzestan’s Arab minority, have made the area a long-standing security focus for Tehran.